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Swan Lake, Tulsa
Swan Lake is a historic district in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Its borders consist of 15th Street to the North, Utica Street to the East, 21st Street to the South, and Peoria Avenue to the west.〔Tulsa Preservation Commission. "Swan Lake Historic District." Retrieved November 20, 2011.()〕 The District was developed in the early 20th Century as a middle class residential area with single-family homes, some duplexes and apartment buildings. It is still considered a highly regarded residential area with a high occupancy rate.〔
The district presently covers about and includes 415 contributing resources and 148 non-contributing resources.〔(U, S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. "NRHP Registration Form: Swan Lake Historic District." ) February 20, 1998. Accessed June 6, 2015.〕 It was the site of an amusement park in the early Twentieth Century, but is now notable for the number and architectural variety of houses and apartment buildings constructed in the 1920s and 1930s. In 2011, the American Planning Association (APA) named Swan Lake as a Top Ten Great Neighborhood.〔DeCort, Amanda. Tulsa Preservation Commission. "Swan Lake Named a Top 10 Great Neighborhood by APA." October 3, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2011.()〕
==History==
At the beginning of the Twentieth Century, spring-fed Orcutt Lake was the watering hole for a ranch belonging to Colonel Adolphus D. Orcutt, a native of Kentucky and a Civil War veteran. Orcutt moved his family from Kentucky to Indian Territory in 1870, settling in what was then part of the Creek Nation. Colonel Orcutt originally rented the land from an unidentified member of the Creek tribe for the purpose of raising cattle. He created a cattle watering hole from a natural spring on the property. His son, Samuel Augustus ("Gus") Orcutt, also a native of Kentucky, went into the ranching business. Gus married a Creek woman named Annie B. Hodge in 1890. When the Creek lands were allotted the Orcutts became the owners of around the stock pond. In 1908, a group of developers led by Colonel Orcutt’s son, purchased in Orcutt Addition to build a park and an artificial lake. The amusement park, built by the lake in 1909〔Debbie Jackson & Hilary Pittman, "Throwback Tulsa: Visitors still flock to Swan Lake, Tulsa's first playground," Tulsa World, June 18, 2015〕 marked the end of the trolley line by 1910.〔 Other park facilities included an enclosed dance pavilion, a natatorium (swimming pool), an airdrome, and, later, a $7,600 roller-coaster. By 1917, Orcutt Lake Amusement Park had become a residential area and was renamed Swan Lake.〔 In 1917, Gus Orcutt sold his development to Tulsa Businessman and developer, E. J. Brennan, who coined the name Swan Lake. Brennan donated the lake itself to the City of Tulsa as a public park in 1917.〔( "Living Places: Swan Lake Historic District" ) 2011. Accessed June 6, 2015.〕 The amusement park facilities (and the trolley line) are long gone, replaced by imposing mansions during the 1920s, but the lake remains to the present. Property contained within the District was annexed by the City of Tulsa during 1917-18.〔
The central feature of the lake, a large rustic concrete fountain, was rebuilt by the WPA in 1938.〔 The water supply to Swan Lake was cut off during a drought in 1948. Much of the water in the lake evaporated, while the rest became stagnant. The lake was later drained and refilled, but the surrounding infrastructure had deteriorated in the meantime. The drain line collapsed and pests such as mosquitos and rats proliferated. The condition recurred during the 1950s and 1960s. A 1983 city bond issue funded a major renovation campaign that brought the area back;〔 1986 saw the lake drained again, and by 1987 a $1 million facelift had been completed.〔 The refurbishment even included restocking the lake with desirable wildlife such as Trumpeter swans.〔 However, the large central concrete fountain fell into disrepair in 2000 and has not been refurbished.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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